Which Art Form Features Stylized Images of Insects and Palnts With Curvilinear Forms?

Art Nouveau (French for 'new art') is an international style of art, compages, and design that peaked in popularity at the beginning of the twentieth century and is characterized by highly stylized, flowing, curvilinear designs often incorporating floral and other plant-inspired motifs.

Contents

• 1 History of Art Nouveau
• 2 Art Nouveau media
• 3 Character of Art Nouveau
• 4 Geographical scope of Art Nouveau
  • 4.1 Centers of the style
• v Noted Art Nouveau practitioners
  • 5.1 Architecture
  • 5.2 Art, drawing, and graphics
  • five.3 Furniture
  • 5.4 Murals and mosaics
  • 5.v Glassware and stained glass
  • 5.half dozen Other decorative arts
• 6 References
• vii External links
• eight Credits

Vitebsk Railway Station one of the finest examples of Fine art Nouveau architecture.

At the end of the nineteenth century, Art Nouveau transformed neighborhoods and whole towns around the globe into remarkable examples of the contemporary, vital art of the age. Even though its fashion was at its zenith for just a decade, Art Nouveau permeated a wide range of the arts. Jewelery, book design, glasswork, and architecture all bore the imprint of a way that was informed by Loftier Victorian design and craftwork, including textiles and wrought iron. Even Japanese wood-cake prints inspired the development of Art Nouveau, equally did the artistic traditions of the local cultures in which the genre took root.

History of Art Nouveau

Bookcover of Arthur Mackmurdo, Wren's City Churches, 1883

Though Art Nouveau climaxed in the years 1892 to 1902, the first stirrings of an Art Nouveau movement can be recognized in the 1880s in a scattering of progressive designs, such as with builder-designer Arthur Mackmurdo's volume cover design for his essay on the city churches of Sir Christopher Wren, published in 1883. Some complimentary-flowing wrought iron from the 1880s can too exist considered precursors of the mode, as could some flat floral cloth designs, most of which owed some impetus to patterns of High Victorian design.

The name 'Art Nouveau' derived from the proper name of a shop—what might be called "an interior design gallery"—implying that the arts of pattern are equivalent in importance to the "fine arts," (an axiom of the Fine art Nouveau movement)in Paris. Maison de 50'Fine art Nouveau, at the time it opened in 1895 was run by Siegfried Bing, who showcased objects that followed this approach to design.

A high point in the development of Art Nouveau was the Exposition Universelle of 1900 in Paris, in which the 'mod manner' triumphed in every medium. It probably reached its apogee, notwithstanding, at the Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte Decorativa Moderna of 1902 in Turin, Italian republic, where designers exhibited from most every European country where Art Nouveau flourished. Art Nouveau made use of many technological innovations of the late-nineteenth century, peculiarly the broad use of exposed iron and large, irregularly shaped pieces of drinking glass in compages. By the start of the Start Globe War, all the same, the highly stylized nature of Art Nouveau design — which itself was expensive to produce — began to be dropped in favor of more streamlined, rectilinear modernism that was cheaper and thought to be more faithful to the rough, plain, industrial artful that became Art Deco.

Fine art Nouveau media

The Peacock Brim, by Aubrey Beardsley, (1892).

Two-dimensional Art Nouveau pieces were painted, drawn, and printed in popular forms such as advertisements, posters, labels, and magazines.

Glass making was an area in which the style found tremendous expression — for example, the works of Louis Comfort Tiffany in New York, Charles Rennie Mackintosh in Glasgow, and Émile Gallé and the Daum brothers in Nancy, France.

Jewelery of the Art Nouveau period revitalized the jeweler's art, with nature as the principal source of inspiration, complemented past new levels of virtuosity in enameling and the introduction of new materials, such equally opals and semi-precious stones. The widespread interest in Japanese fine art, and the more than specialized enthusiasm for Japanese metalworking skills, fostered new themes and approaches to ornamentation.

For the previous two centuries, the accent in fine jewelery had been on gemstones, particularly on the diamond, and the jeweler or goldsmith had been principally concerned with providing settings for their advantage. With Art Nouveau, a different type of jewelery emerged, motivated by the artist-designer rather than the jeweler as setter of precious stones.

The jewelers of Paris and Brussels defined Art Nouveau in jewelery, and in these cities it achieved the most renown. Contemporary French critics were united in acknowledging that jewelery was undergoing a radical transformation, and that the French designer-jeweler-glassmaker René Lalique was at its heart. Lalique glorified nature in jewelery, extending the repertoire to include new aspects of nature — dragonflies or grasses — inspired by his come across with Japanese art.

The jewelers were keen to establish the new style in a noble tradition. For this, they looked dorsum to the Renaissance, with its jewels of sculpted and enameled golden, and its credence of jewelers every bit artists rather than craftsmen. In most of the enameled piece of work of the period, precious stones receded. Diamonds were usually given subsidiary roles, used aslope less familiar materials such equally moulded glass, horn, and ivory.

Art Nouveau in architecture and interior design eschewed the eclectic revival styles of the Victorian era. Though Fine art Nouveau designers selected and 'modernized' some of the more abstract elements of Rococo fashion, such as flame and shell textures, they also advocated the use of highly stylized, organic forms as a source of inspiration, expanding the 'natural' repertoire to embrace seaweed, grasses, and insects.

Japanese wood-block prints, with their curved lines, patterned surfaces, contrasting voids, and flatness of visual plane, besides inspired Fine art Nouveau. Some line and bend patterns became graphic clichés that were later found in works of artists from all parts of the world.

Character of Art Nouveau

St. Louis Globe'south Fair, (1904). Archway to the Cosmos exhibit.

Dynamic, undulating, and flowing, with curved 'whiplash' lines of syncopated rhythm, characterized much of Art Nouveau. Some other feature is the employ of hyperbolas and parabolas. Conventional mouldings seem to leap to life and 'grow' into plant-derived forms.

Every bit an art motion it has affinities with the Pre-Raphaelites and the Symbolism (arts) movement, and artists similar Aubrey Beardsley, Alfons Mucha, Edward Burne-Jones, Gustav Klimt, and Jan Toorop could be classed in more than one of these styles. However unlike Symbolist painting, Art Nouveau has a distinctive visual expect; and unlike the backward-looking Pre-Raphaelites (although they weren't backward at all), Fine art Nouveau artists quickly used new materials, machined surfaces, and brainchild in the service of pure design.

Bellas Artes Palace in Mexico City.

Art Nouveau did not negate the car as the Craft Movement did, merely used it to its advantage. For sculpture, the principal materials employed were glass and wrought iron, leading to sculptural qualities even in architecture.

Art Nouveau is considered a 'total' manner, meaning that information technology encompasses a hierarchy of scales in pattern — architecture; interior design; decorative arts, including jewelery, piece of furniture, textiles, household silver and other utensils, and lighting; and the range of visual arts.

Geographical scope of Art Nouveau

Interior of a dome in the Grand Palais, Paris

More localized terms for the miracle of self-consciously radical, somewhat-mannered, reformist chic that formed a prelude to twentieth-century Modernism include Jugendstil in Germany and holland and skønvirke in Denmark, named after the avant-garde periodical Jugend ('Youth'), Młoda Polska ('Immature Poland' style) in Poland, and Sezessionsstil ('Secessionism') in Vienna, where forwards-looking artists and designers seceded from the mainstream salon exhibitions to exhibit on their ain piece of work in more congenial surroundings.

In Russia, the movement revolved around the art magazine Mir iskusstva ('Earth of Art'), which spawned the revolutionary Ballets Russes. In Italia, Stile Liberty was named for the London shop, Liberty & Co, which distributed modernistic design emanating from the Arts and crafts motion, a sign both of the Fine art Nouveau'due south commercial aspect and the 'imported' character that it always retained in Italy.

In Spain, the motion was centered in Barcelona and was known as modernisme, with the architect Antoni Gaudí as the most noteworthy practitioner. Art Nouveau was too a strength in Eastern Europe, with the influence of Alfons Mucha in Prague and Moravia (part of the modernistic Czech Democracy) and Latvian Romanticism (Riga, the majuscule of Latvia, is home to over 800 Fine art Nouveau buildings). The entrances to the Paris Métro designed past Hector Guimard in 1899 and 1900 are famous examples of Art Nouveau.

Centers of the style

Noted Art Nouveau practitioners

Designed in 1899, the Porte Dauphine station exhibits Hector Guimard's only surviving enclosed edicule of the Paris Métro.

Architecture

• Émile André (1871-1933)
• Georges Biet (1868-1955)
• Paul Charbonnier (1865-1953)
• Raimondo Tommaso D'Aronco (1857-1932)
• Mikhail Eisenstein (1867 - 1921)
• August Endel (1871-1925)
• Gabriel Baranovskii (1860-1920)
• Antoni Gaudi (1852-1926)
• Vladislav Gorodetsky (1863-1930)
• Hector Guimard (1867-1942)
• Josef Hoffmann (1870-1956)
• Victor Horta (1861-1947)
• Charles Rennie Mackintosh (1868-1928)
• Marian Peretiatkovich (1872-1916)
• Fyodor Shekhtel (1859-1926)
• Louis Sullivan (1856-1924)
• Eugène Vallin (1856-1922)
• Henry Van de Velde (1863-1957)
• Otto Wagner (1841-1918)
• Lucien Weissenburger (1860-1929)

Art, drawing, and graphics

• Léon Bakst (1866-1924)
• Aubrey Beardsley (1872-1898)
• Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin (1876-1942)
• Pierre Bonnard (1867-1947)
• Gaston Gerard (1878-1969)
• Tony Sawyer (1889-1945)
• Gustav Klimt (1862-1918)
• Mikhail Vrubel (1856-1910)
• Alfons Mucha (1860-1939)
• Edvard Munch (1863-1944)
• Valentin Serov (1865-1911)
• Stanisław Wyspiański (1869-1907)
• Jozef Mehoffer (1869-1946)

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

• Konstantin Somov (1869-1939)
• Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901)
• Janos Vaszary (1867-1939)

Furniture

• Carlo Bugatti (1856-1940)
• Eugène Gaillard (1862-1933)
• Antoni Gaudi (1852-1926) [1]
• Charles Rennie Mackintosh (1868-1928)
• Louis Majorelle (1859-1926)
• Henry van de Velde (1863-1957)

Murals and mosaics

• Antoni Gaudi (1852-1926)
• Gustav Klimt (1862-1918)
• Alfons Mucha (1860-1939)
• Mikhail Vrubel (1856-1910)
• John Howard (2000-2093)

Gioconda silvery tea set 1925

• Daum Frères — Auguste Daum (1853-1909) and [[Antonin

Glassware and stained glass

• Daum (1864-1930)
• Émile Gallé (1846-1904)
• Jacques Gruber (1870-1936)
• René Lalique (1860-1945)
• Charles Rennie Mackintosh (1868-1928)
• Louis Comfort Tiffany (1848-1933)
• Stanisław Wyspiański (1869-1907)

Rose window in St. Denis Cathedral, France

Other decorative arts

• Charles Robert Ashbee (1863-1942)
• William Bradley (1868-1962)
• Jules Brunfaut (1852-1942)
• Auguste Delaherche (1857-1940)
• Georges de Feure (1868-1928)
• Hermann Obrist (1863-1927)
• Philippe Wolfers (1858-1929)
• Jan Bukowski (1873-1938)
• Jane Spensor (1845-1922)

References

ISBN links back up NWE through referral fees

• Fahr-Becker, Gabriele. Fine art Nouveau, Konemann, 2004. ISBN 9783833112348
• Gillen, Edmund V. Fine art Nouveau: Anthology of Design and Analogy from the "Studio," Dover, 1969. ISBN 9780486223889
• Greenhalgh, Paul. Fine art Nouveau 1890-1914, Five&A, 2002. ISBN 9781851772971

External links

All links retrieved November 7, 2021.

• "Réseau Art Nouveau Network". www.artnouveau-net.eu.
• "Links for Brussels, Capital of Art Nouveau. www.senses-artnouveau.com.
• "Artist in Paris, Nancy and Europe" www.lartnouveau.com.
• Art Nouveau Links & History. world wide web.achome.co.uk.

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